Gel nails are actually a nail extension technique that uses an acrylic gel as a base . The material is applied in layers over the natural nails or false nails to shape and lengthen them.
What are the types of gel nails?
Basically, all types of gel nails are made from acrylic gel. However , there are differences between the techniques and materials used for application, which can be fiberglass, acrylic/porcelain or acrylic gel. Next, we will learn about each of them!
Fiberglass
To use this type of technique, the extension is done with thin transparent threads — the so-called “glass fibers” — which are placed over the natural nails.
Acrylic or porcelain
They also called “porcelain nails”, are made by applying an acrylic resin powder together with a monomer in the composition of the layers.
Acrylic gel
Those who opt for this type of extension go through a process that combines two ingredients: acrylic powder and gel.
How are they made?
Each technique mentioned has its own particularities at the time of application. Initially,
The natural nail must undergo a more aggressive preparation process than that of conventional application, which includes filing and cuticle removal. The American Academy of Dermatologists recommends not removing the cuticles to avoid possible inflammation and infections.
The process begins with a layer of primer, a product that facilitates the adhesion and fixation of the gel.
Why are gel nails trending?
The popularity of these nails came from celebrities, influencers and nail designers , as professionals who specialize in lengthening and coloring nails are called. A quick browse through social media reveals a huge amount of tips and information, such as techniques on how to prepare and apply them, instructions on how to maintain them, the necessary care and problems that may arise; in addition to the latest aesthetic trends, of course.
In fact, gel nails have become synonymous with more beautiful, longer, more resistant and practical nails. In addition, we cannot fail to highlight the endless possibilities of decorated gel nails. 5
What are the dangers of gel nails?
If the sky is the limit when it comes to having the most stylish nails, we need to remember that beauty and authenticity must go hand in hand with health and self-care. There are, indeed, some risks in using gel nails — ranging from allergies to the emergence of fungi and bacteria.
Allergies and contact dermatitis, for example, can occur more frequently, mainly due to the variety of chemical products available on the market. 2 It is important to remember that reactions can be different from one person to another. Therefore, it is ideal to know if you have any type of allergy to certain ingredients , such as methacrylate and cyanoacrylate.
Also be aware of the typical signs of contact dermatitis , which can occur on the nails, but also on the hands, fingers, wrists and areas commonly touched by the hands, such as the face, neck and eyelids. 4, 10, 11 Intense burning and/or stinging (pruritus), swelling, small blisters and itching may also occur in the affected areas.
However, there are other issues related to the risks of gel nails that deserve (and very much so!) our attention, as we will see below.
Exposure to ultraviolet light
As we have seen, fiberglass and acrylic gel nails need to be placed in a LED/UV light booth to cure the gel. This action serves to dry and harden the product as the professional shapes it. The procedure is repeated several times during the application of the nails.
Some locations use an LED light, which emits lower levels of radiation and also dries the gel more quickly, reducing UV exposure.
Increased risk of skin cancer
This is a warning from dermatologists who are drawing attention to the increased risk of skin cancer due to long-term exposure of nails to the lights emitted by these booths. 13 A study published on the subject showed that radiation from UV booths is cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic, that is, it causes cell death and genetic alterations.
Ultraviolet radiation is the main environmental risk factor for the occurrence of skin cancers in general. However, further research is needed to investigate the effect of radiation emitted by UV nail polish dryers on the physiology and mutagenesis of human cells. In the meantime, monitoring of this issue will continue!
Possibility of hiding acral melanoma
Those who use gel nails should always check for any irregularities, since the natural nails will always be underneath them. So, if you notice the presence of spots or a dark stripe, see a dermatologist.
A type of skin cancer called “acral melanoma” is among the most difficult to diagnose and treat. Due to its visual characteristics, this condition can easily be confused with bruises or fungal infections, and it usually appears on the hands, feet, and under the nails. In this case, gel nails can make it difficult to see any signs that appear under the natural nails.
Unlike other types of skin cancer, sun exposure and skin color are not risk factors for acral melanoma. The earlier it is diagnosed, the greater the chances of a cure.
“Smothering” natural nails
When we use artificial nails, they can cause the natural nails to dry out — both due to wear and tear and the chemicals. If they are used for a long time and continuously, this situation tends to get worse. One study, for example, showed that applying gel causes water to be lost from the nail surface to the atmosphere.
On the other hand, the moisture that can form underneath gel nails is a breeding ground for fungi and bacteria to grow.
Yellowing and weakening of natural nails
This is another risk of using gel nails. Natural nails are already worn down at the beginning of the procedure to ensure better adhesion of the gel products. Therefore, prolonged and frequent use of chemical products used during application, maintenance and removal can increase the likelihood of nails becoming weak, brittle and yellow.
That’s why it’s so healthy to “take a break” from putting gel nails back on after removing them. During this time, it’s best to moisturize them well with quality products that are specifically designed for this purpose.
What have dermatologists been saying?
Gel nails are already part of the global beauty culture. Therefore, it is imperative that we know what dermatologists think about the practice to keep our nails looking and healthy.
In this sense, dermatologists warn us that — even though they are an attractive option full of advantages — gel nails present greater risks compared to traditional manicures. When applied and removed correctly, occasional use is safe.
However, it is essential to always monitor the health of your natural nails and avoid prolonged and frequent use of gel nails, as this helps maintain the integrity and health of your natural nails. Below, we have listed some warnings from dermatologists that are worth paying attention to before applying gel nails:
- Undergo an evaluation with a dermatologist to find out if you can use them, as the professional will check for any allergies to the chemical products used or any conditions that might prevent the procedure.
- Check with the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) to ensure that the products used in the procedure are approved.
- Find out if the professional applying the acrylic gel nails has the appropriate training and follows the guidelines of the Health Surveillance Agency.
- Perform nail maintenance every 21 days at most, and ensure that only a qualified professional carries out the removal.
- Use sunscreen on your hands during application to minimize the absorption of UV rays.
A very important warning: acrylic gel nails are not recommended for people with sensitive skin, psoriasis, infections, or fungal infections. Additionally, pregnant women, people with diabetes, patients undergoing cancer treatment, and children under 16 should also avoid this trend!
How important is it to follow a professional’s advice?
To have perfect nails, it is also a priority to keep them healthy, so it is essential to keep an eye on the care of your gel nails. A qualified specialist will know how to apply and remove them correctly, will use quality products and will be able to identify early signs of problems, so always choose reputable establishments/professionals.
Now that you know the types of gel nails and have explored the aspects involved in their application and maintenance, it’s time to make a decision: do decorated gel nails really suit your personality? Well, if they are already part of your daily routine, remember the importance of maintaining a care routine and monitoring the time you wear them to ensure the health of your natural nails. Furthermore, if you notice any signs of problems, a visit to the dermatologist is essential to keep them healthy and beautiful.
In conclusion
, gel nails offer a stylish and durable option for nail enhancement. However, it’s crucial to be aware of potential risks and to follow proper application and removal practices. For those considering gel nails, understanding the process, maintenance, and safety precautions can help ensure a positive experience. Always consult with a qualified professional to address any concerns and to achieve the best results.
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